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SCO Summit: Pakistan had sent an invitation to Prime Minister Narendra Modi for the SCO summit in August, but due to poor relations between the two countries, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will attend the meeting. Jaishankar will spend about 24 hours there. Before leaving for Pakistan, the Foreign Minister has made it clear that the purpose of going there is only for the SCO meeting, there will be no discussion on the relations between the two countries.
Apart from India, representatives of 10 countries including Russia and China will also attend the SCO meeting. Keeping this in mind, lockdown has been implemented in Islamabad due to security measures. Also, a 3-day holiday has been announced in the entire city.
Foreign Minister Jaishankar is the first Indian leader to visit Pakistan after 8 years and 10 months. That's why this journey is special. Before that, on 25 December 2015, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had visited Pakistan. Then PM Modi reached Lahore on a surprise visit. He met Pakistan PM Nawaz Sharif. Since his visit, no Prime Minister or Minister of India has visited Pakistan. In 2016, a year after Modi's visit, four terrorists attacked the Indian Army's brigade headquarters in Uri. 19 soldiers of the Indian Army were martyred in this attack. Since then, tension between the two countries has increased. After the removal of Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir in 2019, relations between the two countries deteriorated. Despite all this, Pakistan's then Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto had come to India last year to attend the meeting of foreign ministers of SCO countries in Goa.
Russia was afraid that China might grab the lands of small countries that were members of the Soviet Union bordering it. Meanwhile, Russia formed a union with China and former Soviet countries in 1996. It was announced in Shanghai city of China, hence the organization was named Shanghai Five. Initially the 5 member countries of this organization included Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. When the border dispute between these countries was resolved, it was given the form of an international organization.
In 2001, another country Uzbekistan announced to join these five countries, after which it was named Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Meanwhile, China started a campaign to make Pakistan a member of this organization. Due to this, Russia started fearing China's increasing influence in the organization. Then Russia advised India to join this organization.
After this, in 2017, India became a permanent member of this organization. There are 5 other reasons for India to join this association.
1. India's trade with SCI member countries was increasing, meanwhile relations with this organization were improved.
2. Shanghai Cooperation Organization is important if India wants to increase its reach in Central Asia. The reason is that all the Central Asian countries sit together in this organization.
3. India has no other organization to present its stand on Afghanistan. If India wants to define its role in Afghanistan, it needs the cooperation of all these countries.
4. To end the problem of terrorism and drugs, India needs the cooperation of SCO countries.
5. Central Asian countries also needed India in this union. He did not want small countries that would allow only China and Russia to dominate the organization. For this he wanted India as a balancing power.
Russia felt that fundamentalism should not increase in the countries around it. Due to proximity to Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran, terrorist organizations like IMU i.e. Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan started forming in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and HUT in Kyrgyzstan. Meanwhile, Russia and China continued to fight against these three kinds of devils through the SCO. Apart from this, the main function of this organization is also to strengthen internal trust and relations between the member countries. This organization is working to increase cooperation among the member countries in areas like politics, trade, economy, science, technology, energy, environmental protection.
