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They heat the earth by emitting sun rays. If these gases were not there, the Earth’s temperature would drop below zero (-18 degrees Celsius), which now averages 15 degrees Celsius. That is why there is vegetation and greenery on earth. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Nature had created a balance of these gases. Due to these, balance was maintained between heat, cold, rain, snow and vegetation.
As human population grew and natural resources were tampered with as needed, these gases began to increase in the air. As these gases expand, the temperature increases. Vegetation may increase, but melting ice will increase the Earth’s temperature, which will also increase sea water. Due to this, the earth will become even more submerged from the sea shores.
Climate change will also change the water cycle. Apart from the atmosphere, most of the carbon is in land, oceans and vegetation. Carbon is present in all living things. Plants use carbon to make food. After death, when animals eat this food and their feces and urine, this carbon is released into the atmosphere.
Similarly, carbon stored in the form of minerals in land and sea also circulates with the atmosphere to some extent. As long as industries were not highly developed and the population was low, carbon in the atmosphere remained in balance. But in the last two centuries, increasing population and industries have increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by one and a half times.
In 1750, there was 280 ppm (280 parts per million) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which has now increased to 421 ppm. In 1950, 600 million tons of carbon dioxide gas was released into the atmosphere every year from various sources. It will increase to 2220 crore tonnes in 1990, 3900 crore tonnes in 2022, 4060 crore tonnes in 2023 and 4160 crore tonnes in 2024.
About half of this carbon dioxide is reabsorbed through vegetation, rain, and animals back to its original sources in soils, minerals, and oceans. Carbon, which remains in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, contributes to increasing the Earth’s temperature. Most of the carbon dioxide is emitted from the use of coal as a fuel. One kilogram of coal fuel emits 2.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide, in India approximately one kilogram of carbon dioxide is generated while generating one unit of electricity.
One liter of petrol produces 2.3 kg of carbon and one liter of cooking gas (LPG) produces 1.6 kg of carbon dioxide. 50 grams of carbon dioxide is generated during the manufacturing of solar panels, while no carbon dioxide is generated during use.
Carbon dioxide emissions have increased by 90 percent from 1970 to 2011. Fossil fuels (coal, petrol, natural gas) and industry contribute 78 percent of this. Globally, carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, cement making and gas flaring account for 30 per cent in China, 15 per cent in the United States, 9 per cent in Europe, 9 per cent in India and 5 per cent in India. Is the percentage. The share of Russia and Japan is 4 percent and the share of other countries is 30 percent. The remaining 22 percent of gases are related to land use. These are associated with deforestation and planting or farming. Their emission and consumption is 800 crore tonnes. The US claims that its net emissions go into negative, meaning carbon sequestration is higher and emissions are lower, which helps clean up the environment.
Today carbon trading has started in the developed countries of the world. Carbon credits are sold. One tonne of carbon dioxide gas is counted as one credit. Who sells and buys carbon? At the international level, all countries have set targets to reduce greenhouse gases from the air. Suppose a company generating electricity from coal has been given a target of 10 percent reduction in carbon emissions. He started generating 20 percent electricity from solar energy instead of coal. The company which reduced gas by more than 10 percent from the target will sell it to another company which did not reduce as per the given target and the buying company will be saved from government fine.
This business operates in Europe, Britain, some US states, China and New Zealand. Apart from this, there is a plan to impose tax on gas, oil or cement etc. according to the carbon that Europe buys. Greenhouse gases are mostly produced by burning coal, diesel, petrol, natural gas or fuel. The use of these minerals should be reduced as far as possible and energy should be taken from other sources like solar heat, wind and water energy, because earlier houses were run on water.
Countries that produce more coal and oil rarely react to cuts. Even the US, the largest oil producer, was kicked out of the global environmental watchdog (during President Trump’s presidency). After that the next President again took admission in the same institution. Now once again American oil companies are hoping that under Trump’s presidency America will again be out of COP. Because of this, companies gave election funds worth millions of dollars to Trump for the elections.
Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Therefore, the more area that can be brought under forests, the more we will be successful in reducing carbon. Crops also contribute to carbon sequestration, but their balance must also be linked to water availability. The more vegetation there is, the greater the demand for water.
Many developed countries like Australia and Norway are also doing research to store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and deposit it under the deep sea like an injection. Australia’s target is 2027. Overall, to maintain environmental balance, the intake of carbon dioxide in the air will have to be reduced. Its balance should be made in such a way that the economy of our country is not affected. There is a need to make a valid policy in this regard.
