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Punjab's farming has been completely mechanized. Due to this the number of cattle in the villages has reduced. It was considered necessary for Punjabis to keep Lavera at home, but the false propaganda against milk and ghee has made Punjabis stay away from milk, lassi and ghee. Due to mechanized farming, farmers have become accustomed to a comfortable life. Now even keeping Lavera has stopped in most of the houses in the villages. Milk is taken for tea. Thus the need for muscles is reduced. Wheat straw and maize stalks were mixed into green fodder and fed to cattle. Straw was also used. Now the requirement of crop pulp for animal feed has reduced considerably. Now all the harvesting of wheat and paddy is done by machines, machines have also arrived for harvesting of maize. These machines cut the crop high above the ground. The rest of the paddy is harvested by the combine in the field itself. Due to this, conservation of root parts of crops has become a big problem in Punjab.
friends, insects and moths will rot
Flames can be seen rising in the fields of Punjab throughout the month of October. Smoke is visible everywhere. It is sad to see flames coming out of the land that fulfills our needs. The farmer knows that burning stubble is a legal offense and an irresponsible attitude towards the society, but he expresses his compulsion, hence huge loss occurs. When fire burns, the temperature of the atmosphere increases. Increase in temperature is a big problem and challenge for the whole world. By setting fire, not only the friendly insects and animals get burnt but the nutrients of the earth are also destroyed. Smoke spread everywhere causes many road accidents and poisonous gases cause many diseases. Even knowing about all these losses, the farmer is still forced to continue this practice, according to an estimate by Punjab Agricultural University, from which 26 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus, 50 percent of sulfur and 75 percent of potash are taken. . Straw remains in the paddy soil. Experts say that burning 10 quintals of stubble causes loss of 400 kg organic carbon, 5.5 kg nitrogen, 2.3 kg phosphorus, 2.5 kg potassium and 1.2 kg sulphur. If the stubble is plowed in the field itself, all these elements get mixed in the soil and improve the health of the soil. Farmers who have been plowing the land or eating straw for the last several years believe that this has increased the fertility of the land. Then why don't all farmers do this? There is no denying the fact that we are still ignorant and are not using crop residues properly. The paddy harvesting season has started and the problem of stubble has come to the fore again. To solve this, while farmers need to be aware, the government and non-government organizations should also take some practical steps. There is no doubt that it is important to educate farmers and seek legal assistance, but it is also important to find practical, easy and affordable solutions to stubble management.
plowing the field
Some research has been done by Punjab Agricultural University. Machines like Smart Seeder, Happy Seeder, Straw Management System, Super Seeder, Zero Till Drill, Shredder etc. have been prepared to crush the stubble in the field, but these machines are not being used. The reason for this is also the lack of expertise to operate expensive machines, low cost machines, surface seeder, have also been developed for wheat sowing. The government is also giving concessions on the purchase of machines. Most of the small farmers in Punjab will use these machines only for a few days.
In such a situation, many farmers are not coming forward for purchase. Instead of giving low cost machines to the farmers, they should be given to the cooperative societies of the villages so that the farmers can avail them on rent. If the Panchayat makes joint efforts at the village level, this problem can be solved to some extent. This is a serious problem but no research has been done by any government regarding the industrial use of stubble. The agricultural research infrastructure in India is larger than that of any other country. Research in this regard should be done on priority basis. There have been successful experiences in making cardboard from straw. If the government makes efforts in this direction, not only will the problem of stubble be solved but the cutting of trees to make cardboard will also reduce. ,
